resistance is the ability of a plant to restrict the growth and/or development of a pathogen (see UPOV definitions). Importantly, resistance is not the same as immunity (no apple variety is truly immune). A resistant variety may still show some disease symptoms under specific environmental conditions or when a new pathogen race emerges. That’s why a variety’s degree of resistance may vary over time and space. Resistant varieties usually suffer much less damage from pathogen attack than susceptible ones, though. It makes them very valuable for modern apple growing, with many benefits: lower need for chemical treatments, production of healthier fruit with fewer pesticide residues, and environment-friendly farming. In short, growing resistant varieties is a modern and responsible choice, combining productivity with sustainability.